W. R. Zemlin Memorial Web Site
Larynx Part One
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Home • Larynx
1 • Larynx 2 • Central
Nervous System • Skull • Respiratory
System
Graphic version
Home • Larynx
1 • Larynx
2 • Central Nervous
System • Skull • Respiratory
System
Note: Slide titles link to associated graphic slide pages.
Slide1:
Location of the larynx and associated structures as seen in a sagittal section
of the head.
* Illustration from The Study Guide/Workbook to accompany Speech and Hearing Science; Anatomy and Physiology 4th edition, Eileen Zemlin and W.R. Zemlin
Slide 2:
Male neck, showing location
of thyroid protuberance.
Slide 3:
Female neck, thyroid protuberance
usually not a prominent landmark.
Slide 4:
Beginning of removal sequence.
Note supraclavicular nerves (white), superficial veins of neck (blue), submandibular salivary gland (green), thyroid notch, and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Slide 5:
Lateral view of the same stage of dissection as in previous slide no. 4 demonstrating
the same landmarks. Nerves are white, veins blue,
and arteries red.
Slide 6:
Ventral view with superficial
veins and nerves removed, demonstrating sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid and sternohyoid
muscles. Also shown are parts of the sternal and clavicular portions of the
pectoralis major muscle.
Slide 7:
Lateral view of the same
stage of dissection as in previous slide no.5 demonstrating the same landmarks.
Shows carotoid sheath.
Slide 8:
Lateral view with carotid
sheath removed demonstrating carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve,
superior thyroid artery and submandibular salivary gland. Arteries are red,
veins are blue, nerves are white, and glandular tissue is green.
Slide 9:
Ansa hypoglossi (white)
or ansa cervicalis supplying strap muscles of the neck.
Slide 10:
Blood supply to larynx.
Note internal juglar vein, common carotid artery, superior thyroid artery, superior
larygeal artery and nerve, vagus nerve, lymph gland, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid,
and digastric muscle (anterior belly).
Slide 11:
Stylohyoid ligament (hooked) and thyrohyoid muscle. The stylohyoid ligament
appears much like a piece of half-cooked spaghetti. Here it courses in company
of the stylohyoid muscle. The anterior belly of the digastric is shown on the
left.
Slide 12:
Thyroid gland (green),
sternothyroid sectioned and reflected, vagus nerve (white), and carotid
artery (red). Note loop in superior laryngeal artery.
Slide 13:
Ventral view, everything
removed revealing cricothyroid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles.
Slide 14:
Lateral view. Same stage of dissection as in previous slide no. 13.
Slide 15:
Middle and inferior pharyngeal
constrictors – dorsal view.
Slide 16:
Middle and inferior pharyngeal
constrictors – lateral view. Also shown, omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles.
Slide 17:
Dorsal view of pharynx
opened by longitudinal incision demonstrating connective tissue lining.
Slide 18:
Connective tissue lining
pharynx shown in previous slide was removed — showing dorsal view of larynx
including posterior cricoarytenoid, arytenoideus, corinculate cartilage, cuneiform
cartilage, posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage including superior and
inferior horns.
Slide 19:
Tracheal ring, view from
above.
Slide 20:
Cross-sectional macrograph
of neck showing trachea, esophagus and
thyroid gland.
Slide 21:
Trichrome micrograph of
ciliated columnar epithelium.
Slide 22:
Tracheal specimen mounted
on spindle. The next cartilage to be examined is the cricoid, so-named because
of its resemblance to a signet ring. A cricoid cartilage on your finger doesn’t
look like a signat ring at all — it looks like a cricoid cartilage on your
finger.
Slide 23:
Cricoid cartilage on finger.
Slide 24:
Cricoid cartilage, lateral
view. Landmarks include the arch, posterior quadrate lamina, cricoarytenoid
articular facet, and cricothyroid articular facet.
Slide 25:
Cricoid cartilage —
as seen in perspective from above. Note the arch, posterior quadrate lamina,
cricoarytenoid articular facet, and cricothyroid articular facet.
Slide 26:
Cricoid from behind. Note
slope angle and shape of cricoarytenoid
articular facet.
Slide 27:
Arytenoid cartilage, anterolateral
view. Note remnants of vocal ligament, the vocal process, muscular process,
corniculate cartilage, arcuate crest, and triangular fovea.
Slide 28:
Arytenoid cartilage from
beneath. Note muscular process and corniculate cartilage. Note also the concave
nature of the articular facet on the muscular process. The vocal process can
be seen as well.
Slide 29:
Articulated arytenoid and
cricoid cartilages as seen from behind. Note the well developed posterior cricoarytenoid
ligament.
Slide 30:
Cricoarytenoid ligament,
medial edge, as seen from above.
Slide 31:
Thyroid cartilage, lateral
view. Note superior and inferior tubercles on
lamina, oblique line, superior and inferior horns. This might be called a classical
specimen.
Slide 32:
Thyroid cartilage, frontal
view. Note foramen thyroideum.
Slide 33:
Thyroid cartilage in perspective
from behind. Note foramen thyroideum. This raises the question — Is the
thyroid cartilage exclusively an embryonic derivative of the 4th branchial arch,
or is it a derivative of the 4th and 5th arches? Is forman evidence of incomplete
union of the two arches, or can the foramen be explained by the presence of
the blood vessels?
Slide 34:
Double foramina.
Slide 35:
Thyroid cartilage, lateral
view, demonstrating oblique tendon.
Slide 36:
Thyroid cartilage, lateral
view, demonstrating oblique tendon.
Slide 37:
Trichrome micrograph of
oblique tendon. Blue is tendon, red is muscle. This is strong supportive evidence
that what is often erroneously called the oblique line on the thyroid lamina
is actually a tendon that bridges the superior and inferior tubercles.
Slide 38:
Thyroid cartilage demonstrating
agenesis of superior and inferior
horns unilaterally.
Slide 39:
Thyroid cartilage demonstrating
agenesis of superior horn.
Slide 40:
Thyroid cartilage oddity.
Slide 41:
Articulated laryngeal skeleton.
Slide 42:
Posterior ceratocricoid
ligament.
Slide 43:
Probe points to another
example of the ceratocricoid ligament.
Slide 44:
Laryngeal skeleton, posterior
view.
Slide 45:
Another example of a laryngeal
skeleton, posterior view.
Slide 46:
Ventral view of laryngeal
skeleton, 68 year old female. Note asymetry.
Slide 47:
Laryngeal skeleton, left
side. Note cricotracheal fusion.
Slide 48:
Middle cricothyroid ligament,
note fused tracheal rings.
Slide 49:
Hyoid bone. Note body,
major and minor horns.
Slide 50:
Hyoid bone. Note body,
major and minor horns.
Slide 51:
Laryngeal skeleton complete,
frontal view. Note hyoid bone and
thyrohyoid ligament.
Slide 52:
Laryngeal skeleton, lateral
view. Note foramen in thyrohyoid membrane. Usually the superior laryngeal artery,
vein, and nerve gain access to the internal larynx through this foramen. There
are exceptions, however.
Slide 53:
Superior view of larynx,
without epiglottis. Note arytenoid cartilages and vocal ligaments.
Slide 54:
Superior view of larynx,
with epiglottis. Medial boundary of vocal fold is covered by conus elasticus.
Slide 55:
Sagittal section. Conus
elasticus removed on the left half. Part of thyroarytenoid muscle and most of
vocal ligament can be seen in relation to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage.
Slide 56:
Sagittal section. Conus
elasticus, quadrangular membrane removed exposing the thyroarytenoid muscle
and vocal ligament.
Slide 57:
Sagittal section with conus
elasticus removed, demonstrating the
laryngeal ventricle.
Slide 58:
Vocal fold, lateral cricoarytenoid
as seen in medial view.
Slide 59:
Sagittal section demonstrating
thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoideus muscles.
Slide 60:
Sagittal section. Thyroarytenoid
muscle removed to demonstrate the
vocal ligament.
Slide 61:
Larynx, posterior view.
Right posterior cricoarytenoid muscle removed demonstrating arytenoid and corniculate
cartilages in situ.
Slide 62:
Larynx, posterior view,
demonstrating posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
Slide 63:
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle with well-defined vertical bundle.
Slide 64:
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle with well-defined bipennate lateral bundle.
Slide 65:
Undissected larynx, posterior
view, demonstrating posterior cricoarytenoid
and arytenoideus muscles. Note vertical bundle on the posterior
cricoarytenoid muscle.
Slide 66:
Posterior view demonstrating
arytenoideus and posterior
cricarytenoid muscles.
Slide 67:
Oblique arytenoideus (unstained).
Slide 68:
Transverse arytenoideus
muscle (unstained).
Slide 69:
Cricothyroid muscle, showing
pars recta and pars oblique.
Slide 70:
Posterior portion of thyroid
cartilage has been reemoved revealing cricothyroid muscle.
Slide 71:
Larynx, ventral view, demonstrating
cricothyroid muscle and middle cricothyroid ligament.