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Central Nervous System

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Note: Slide titles link to associated graphic slide pages.

Slide 1
Schematic of the Nervous System.
Based on a woodcut by Andreas Vesalius (1514–64).

Slide 2
Cerebral hemispheres with arachnoid mater as seen from the side. Also shown are the cerebellum and middle cerebral artery.

Slide 3
Cerebral hemispheres with arachnoid mater as seen from above.

Note small area near longitudinal fissure on the right where arachnoid was torn due to adhesion to overlying dura mater.

Slide 4
Cerebral hemispheres from above. Arachnoid villi (or granulations) are shown on the left.

Slide 5
Cerebral hemispheres from beneath with arachnoid mater.

Arachnoid mater bridges the sulci.

  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
  3. Occipital lobe
  4. Cerebellum
  5. Medulla
  6. Pons

Slide 6
Lateral view of the brain with arachnoid removed.

  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Frontal Pole
  3. Central sulcus
  4. Parietal lobe
  5. Lateral (or Sylvian) sulcus
  6. Temporal lobe
  7. Temporal pole
  8. Occipital lobe
  9. Occipital pole
  10. Cerebellum

Slide 7
Lateral view of the brain.

  1. Precentral sulcus
  2. Precentral gyrus
  3. Central sulcus
  4. Postcentral gyrus
  5. Postcentral sulcus
  6. Supramarginal gyrus
  7. Angular gyrus
  8. Lateral sulcus
  9. Superior temporal gyrus
  10. Superior temporal sulcus
  11. Middle temporal gyrus
  12. Middle temporal sulcus
  13. Inferior temporal gyrus

Slide 8
Lateral view of the Brain

  1. Broca's area
  2. Wernicke's area

Slide 9
Top view of the brain.

  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Occipital lobe
  4. Longitudinal fissure
  5. Central sulcus
  6. Precentral gyrus (motor cortex)
  7. Postcentral gyrus (somatic -sensory cortex)

Slide 10
Base view of the brain.

  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
  3. Uncus
  4. Cerebellum
  5. Medulla
  6. Pons
  7. Cerebral peduncle
  8. Olfactory bulb
  9. Olfactory nerve (Cranial nerve I)
  10. Optic / Optical chiasm
  11. Trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V)
  12. Cranial emergence (Cranial nerves VII, VIII, IX, and X)

Slide 11
Detail of base view of the brain.

  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optical nerve (Cranial II)
  3. Optic chiasm
  4. Optic tract
  5. Infundibulum (frequently broken during the removal of the brain from the skull)
  6. Mammillary body
  7. Uncus
  8. Cerebral peduncle
  9. Interpeduncular fossa
  10. Pons
  11. Trigeminal nerve
  12. Medulla
  13. Cerebellum

Slide 12
A sagittal section of the brain reveals mirrored halves.

  1. Lateral ventricle
  2. Third ventricle
  3. Corpus callosum — genu (G), trunk (T), and splenium (S)
  4. Fourth ventricle
  5. Midbrain
  6. Pons
  7. Cerebellum
  8. Medulla oblongata

Slide 13
Mid-sagittal section of the brain.

  1. Temporal lobe — uncus
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Cingulate sulcus
  4. Cingulate gyrus
  5. Parietal lobe
  6. Parieto-occipital sulcus
  7. Occipital lobe — cuneus (C) and lingual (L) gyri
  8. Calcarine sulcus
  9. Corpus callosum —genu (G), trunk (T), and splenium (S)
  10. Septum pellucidum
  11. Fornix
  12. Lateral ventricle
  13. Interventricular foramen
  14. Third ventricle
  15. Aqueduct cerebri
  16. Midbrain
  17. Pons
  18. Fourth ventricle
  19. Cerebellum

Slide 14
Mid-sagittal view of the brain — at the third ventricle level.

  1. Corpus callosum — trunk (T) and splenium (S)
  2. Septum pellucidum
  3. Lateral ventricle
  4. Interventricular foramen
  5. Third ventricle
  6. Mammillary body
  7. Infundibulum (torn)
  8. Anterior commissure
  9. Pineal body
  10. Posterior commissure
  11. Superior colliculus
  12. Inferior colliculus
  13. Aqueduct cerebri
  14. Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  15. Fourth ventricle
  16. Pons
  17. Cerebellum

Slide 15
Drawing of the brain indicating the approximate level and plane of horizontal sections (LeMasurier modification of the Mulligan stain.)

Slide 16
Top view of Section 2.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Precentral sulcus
  4. Precentral gyrus
  5. Central sulcus
  6. Postcentral gyrus
  7. Postcentral sulcus
  8. Parietal lobe
  9. Occipital lobe

Slide 17
Bottom view of Section 2.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Precentral sulcus
  4. Precentral gyrus
  5. Central sulcus
  6. Postcentral gyrus
  7. Postcentral sulcus
  8. Parietal lobe (white matter)
  9. Parieto-occipital sulcus
  10. Occipital lobe

Slide 18
Top view of Section 3.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Central sulcus
  4. Precentral gyrus
  5. Precentral sulcus
  6. Postcentral gyrus
  7. Postcentral sulcus
  8. Parietal lobe
  9. Parieto-occipital sulcus
  10. Occipital lobe

Slide 19
Bottom view of Section 3.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Corpus callosum — trunk
  4. Lateral ventricle — central part
  5. Posterior forceps of corpus callosum
  6. Calcarine sulcus
  7. Occipital lobe
  8. Parietal lobe
  9. Lateral sulcus
  10. Central sulcus

Slide 20
Top view of Section 4

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Corpus callosum — trunk
  4. Posterior forceps of corpus callosum
  5. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  6. Lateral ventricle — body
  7. Corona radiata
  8. Calcarine sulcus
  9. Occipital lobe
  10. Temporal lobe
  11. Superior temporal sulcus
  12. Lateral sulcus
  13. Parietal lobe
  14. Central sulcus
  15. Precentral sulcus
  16. Lateral ventricle — posterior horn

Slide 21
Bottom view of Section 4.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Corpus callosum — trunk
  4. Septum pellucidum
  5. Corpus callosum —splenium
  6. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  7. Lateral ventricle — body
  8. Calcarine sulcus
  9. Occipital lobe
  10. Lateral sulcus
  11. Insula
  12. Temporal lobe
  13. Corona radiata
  14. Thalamus
  15. Caudate nucleus — head

Slide 22
Top view of Section 5.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Corpus callosum — trunk
  4. Septum pellucidum
  5. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  6. Caudate nucleus — head
  7. Corona radiata
  8. Thalamus
  9. Corpus callosum — splenium
  10. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  11. Calcarine sulcus
  12. Cerebellum
  13. Occipital lobe
  14. Temporal lobe
  15. Lateral sulcus
  16. Insula

Slide 23
Bottom view of Section 5.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Cingulate sulcus
  4. Cingulate gyrus
  5. Corpus callosum — genu
  6. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  7. Caudate nucleus — head
  8. Internal capsule — anterior limb (a), genu (b), and posterior limb (c)
  9. Globus pallidus of lentiform nucleus
  10. Putamen
  11. Claustrum
  12. Insula
  13. Body of fornix
  14. Thalamus
  15. Third ventricle
  16. Medial geniculate body of thalamus
  17. Lateral geniculate body of thalamus
  18. Caudate nucleus — tail
  19. Hippocampus and its fimbria
  20. Temporal lobe
  21. Cerebellum — vermis
  22. Superior colliculus

  23. Cerebellum — hemisphere

Slide 24
Top view of Section 6.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Cingulate sulcus
  4. Cingulate gyrus
  5. Corpus callosum — genu
  6. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  7. Caudate nucleus — head
  8. Internal capsule — anterior limb (a), genu (b), and posterior limb (c)
  9. Globus pallidus of lentiform nucleus
  10. Putamen
  11. External capsule
  12. Extreme capsule
  13. Claustrum
  14. Insula
  15. Lateral sulcus
  16. Thalamus
  17. Third ventricle
  18. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  19. Aqueduct cerebri
  20. Inferior colliculs
  21. Medial geniculate body
  22. Lateral geniculate body
  23. Caudate nucleus — tail
  24. Hippocampus
  25. Cerebellum — vermis
  26. Cerebellum — hemisphere

Slide 25
Bottom view of Section 6.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Cingulate sulcus
  4. Cingulate gyrus
  5. Corpus callosum — genu
  6. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  7. Caudate nucleus — head
  8. Internal capsule — anterior limb
  9. Putamen of lentiform nucleus
  10. Lateral sulcus
  11. Insula
  12. Temporal lobe
  13. >Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  14. Optical tract
  15. Mammillary body
  16. Midbrain
  17. Pons
  18. Cerebellum — hemisphere
  19. Fourth ventricle
  20. Cerebellum — vermis
  21. Dentate nucleus of cerebellum

Slide 26
Top view of Section 7.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Frontal lobe
  3. Corpus callosum — rostrum
  4. Lateral ventricle — tip of anterior horn
  5. Caudate nucleus — head
  6. Internal capsule — anterior limb
  7. Putamen
  8. Lateral sulcus
  9. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  10. Temporal lobe
  11. Hippocampus
  12. Pons
  13. Fourth ventricle
  14. Cerebellum — vermis
  15. Dentate nucleus of cerebellum
  16. Cerebellum — hemisphere

Slide 27
Drawing of the brain indicating the approximate level and plane of frontal sections (LeMasurier modification of the Mulligan stain.)

Slide 28
Front view of Section 2.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Superior frontal gyrus
  5. Superior frontal sulcus
  6. Middle frontal gyrus
  7. Inferior frontal sulcus
  8. Inferior frontal gyrus
  9. Centrum semioval ( i.e., white matter)
  10. Gyrus rectus
  11. Olfactory sulcus
  12. Orbital sulci
  13. Orbital gyri

Slide 29
Back view of Section 2.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Superior frontal gyrus
  5. Superior frontal sulcus
  6. Middle frontal gyrus
  7. Inferior frontal sulcus
  8. Inferior frontal gyrus
  9. Orbital gyri
  10. Orbital sulci
  11. Olfactory sulcus
  12. Gyrus rectus
  13. White matter
  14. Corpus callosum — genu
  15. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn

Slide 30
Frontal view of Section 3.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Superior frontal gyrus
  5. Superior frontal sulcus
  6. Middle frontal gyrus
  7. Inferior frontal sulcus
  8. Inferior frontal gyrus
  9. Orbital gyri
  10. Orbital sulci
  11. Olfactory sulcus
  12. Gyrus rectus
  13. White matter
  14. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  15. Corpus callosum — genu

Slide 31
Back view of Section 3.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — trunk
  5. Septum pellucidum
  6. Caudate nucleus — head
  7. Internal capsule — anterior limb (looking like an English muffin)
  8. Putamen of lentiform nucleus
  9. External capsule
  10. Claustrum
  11. Extreme capsule
  12. Insula
  13. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn

Slide 32
Front view of Section 4.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — trunk
  5. Septum pellucidum
  6. Caudate nucleus — head
  7. Internal capsule — anterior limb (looking like an English muffin)
  8. Putamen of lentiform nucleus
  9. Insula
  10. Lateral sulcus
  11. Operculum of temporal lobe
  12. Operculum of frontal lobe
  13. Corona radiata
  14. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn

Slide 33
Back View of Section 4.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — trunk
  5. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  6. Septum pellucidum
  7. Choroid plexus
  8. Caudate nucleus — head
  9. Thalamus
  10. Internal capsule — close to genu
  11. Globus pallidus
  12. Putamen
  13. Anterior commissure
  14. Optical tract
  15. Uncus
  16. Insula
  17. Superior temporal gyrus
  18. Lateral sulcus
  19. Superior temporal sulcus
  20. Middle temporal gyrus
  21. Inferior temporal gyrus
  22. Corona radiata

Slide 34
Front view of Section 5.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — trunk
  5. Septum pellucidum
  6. Lateral ventricle — anterior horn
  7. Caudate nucleus — head
  8. Thalamus
  9. Internal capsule — genu
  10. Globus pallidus
  11. Putamen
  12. Anterior commissure
  13. Optical chiasm
  14. Pons
  15. Corona radiata
  16. Insula
  17. Temporal lobe

Slide 35
Back view of Section 5.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — splenium
  5. Lateral ventricle — central part
  6. Crus of fornix
  7. Caudate nucleus — tail
  8. Thalamus
  9. Third ventricle
  10. Red nucleus
  11. Substantia nigra of cerebral peduncle
  12. Crus cerebri of cerebral peduncle
  13. Pons
  14. Hippocampus
  15. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  16. Temporal lobe
  17. Lateral sulcus
  18. Parietal lobe

Slide 36
Front view of Section 6.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — splenium
  5. Lateral ventricle — central part
  6. Crus of fornix
  7. Thalamus
  8. Caudate nucleus — tail
  9. Third ventricle
  10. Pretectal area
  11. Substantia nigra
  12. Crus cerebri
  13. Pons
  14. Hippocampus
  15. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  16. Temperol lobe
  17. Parietal lobe
  18. Lateral sulcus

Slide 37
Back view of Section 6.

  1. Longitudinal fissure
  2. Cingulate sulcus
  3. Cingulate gyrus
  4. Corpus callosum — splenium
  5. Lateral ventricle — posterior horn
  6. Fimbrium of fornix
  7. Parietal lobe
  8. Temporal lobe
  9. Hippocampus
  10. Lateral ventricle — inferior horn
  11. Pretectal area
  12. Aqueduct cerebri
  13. Central grey substance of midbrain
  14. Pons
  15. Cerebellum

Slide 38
Front view of Section 7.

Slide 39
Back view of Section 7.

  1. Cerebellar cortex (grey matter)
  2. Medullary body (white matter)
  3. Cerebellar arbor vitae
  4. Cerebellar folia (equivalent to gyri in cerebrum)
  5. Cerebellar fissures (equivalent to sulci in cerebrum)
  6. Vermis of cerebellum
  7. Fourth ventricle
  8. Inferior olivary nucleus
  9. Pyramidal tract
  10. Tegmentum of pons

Slide 40
Drawing of the brainstem indicating the approximate level and plane of transverse sections (Loyez modification of the Weigert stain.)

Slide 41
Transverse section through the thoracic region of the spinal cord.

  1. Fasciculus gracilis 
  2. Fasciculus cuneatus 
  3. Spinocerebellar tract 
  4. Lateral corticospinal (or pyramidal) tract 
  5. Lateral spinothalamic trac 
  6. Vestibulospinal tract 
  7. Anterior spinothalamic tract 
  8. Anterior corticospinal (or pyramidal) tract 
  9. Posterior horn 
  10. Lateral horn 
  11. Anterior horn 
  12. Intermediate gray matter 

Slide 42
Transverse section through the first cervical region of the spinal cord.

  1. Intermediate gray matter
  2. Posterior horn
  3. Anterior horn
  4. Fasciculus gracilis
  5. Fasciculus cuneatus
  6. Spinocerebellar tract
  7. Lateral corticospinal tract
  8. Anterior corticospinal tract

Slide 43
Transverse section of the medulla passing through the decussation of the pyramidal tracts.

  1. Fasciculus gracilis
  2. Nucleus gracilis
  3. Fasciculus cuneatus
  4. Nucleus cuneatus
  5. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  6. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  7. Spinocerebellar tract
  8. Anterior horn of spinal cord
  9. Anterior corticospinal tract
  10. Pyramidal decussation
  11. Reticular formation
  12. Lateral corticospinal tract

Slide 44
Transverse section of medulla above the pyramidal decussation.

  1. Fasciculus gracilis
  2. Nucleus gracilis
  3. Fasciculus cuneatus
  4. Nucleus cuneatus
  5. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  6. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  7. Posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tract
  8. Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts
  9. Pyramidal tract
  10. Reticular formation
  11. Medial lemniscus and its decussation
  12. Solitary tract
  13. Dorsal (motor) nucleus of vagus nerve (X)
  14. Hypoglossal nucleus
  15. Median fissure
  16. Median sulcus

Slide 45
Transverse section of the medulla through the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve.

  1. Nucleus gracilis
  2. Fasciculus gracilis
  3. Nucleus cuneatus
  4. Fasciculus cuneatus
  5. Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (XII)
  6. Dorsal nucleus of accessory nerve (XI)
  7. Solitary tract
  8. Reticular formation
  9. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  10. Nucleus lateralis
  11. Decussation of medial lemniscus
  12. Medial accessory olivary nucleus
  13. Rubrospinal tract
  14. Tectospinal tract
  15. Pyramidal tract
  16. Arcuate nuclei
  17. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)

Slide 46
Transverse section of the medulla passing through the lower third of the olive.

  1. Inferior medullary velum
  2. Fourth ventricle
  3. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
  4. Solitary tract
  5. Reticular formation
  6. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  7. Medial lemniscus
  8. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  9. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  10. Spinocerebellar tracts
  11. Spinothalamic tracts
  12. Inferior olivary nucleus
  13. Pyramidal tract
  14. Fasciculus and nucleus cuneatus

Slide 47
Transverse section of the medulla through the middle of the olive.

  1. Inferior medullary velum
  2. Fourth ventricle
  3. Choroid plexus
  4. Hypoglossal nucleus (XII)
  5. Dorsal moter nucleus of vagus nerve (X)
  6. Nucleus of solitary tract
  7. Solitary tract
  8. Inferior vestibular nucleus
  9. Medial vestibular nucleus
  10. Accessory cuneate nucleus
  11. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
  12. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  13. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  14. Nucleus ambiguous
  15. Reticular formation
  16. Anterior spinocerebellar tract and anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts.
  17. Fibers of hypoglossal nerve (XII)
  18. Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
  19. Medial lemniscus — cuneate part
  20. Medial lemniscus — gracile part
  21. Pyramidal tract
  22. Inferior olivary nucleus

Slide 48
Transverse section of the medulla through the middle of the inferior olive.

  1. Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (XII)
  2. Motor nucleus of vagus nerve (X)
  3. Solitary tract
  4. Nucleus of solitary tract
  5. Medial vestibular nucleus
  6. Inferior vestibular nucleus and spinovestibular and vestibular tracts
  7. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
  8. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  9. Reticular formation
  10. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  11. Medial lemniscus — cuneate part
  12. Medial lemniscus — gracile part
  13. Fibers of hyypoglossal nerve (XII)
  14. Pyramidal tract — Fibers to face (F), upper limb (A), trunk (T), and lower limb (L)
  15. Middle of inferior olive
  16. Spinocerebellar tract
  17. Location of nucleus ambiguous (X, XI)
  18. Fourth ventricle
  19. Inferior medullary velum
  20. Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle

Slide 49
Transverse section through upper medulla and rostral part of top of the olive.

  1. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  2. Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
  3. Medial vestibular nucleus
  4. Inferior vestibular nucleus
  5. Solitary tract and nucleus
  6. Inferior cerebellar peduncle (or restiform body)
  7. Ventral cochlear nucleus
  8. Dorsal cochlear nucleus
  9. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) — cochlear part
  10. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
  11. Reticular formation
  12. Inferior olivary nucleus
  13. Pyramidal tract
  14. Medial lemniscus
  15. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  16. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  17. Fourth ventricle
  18. Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle.

Slide 50
Transverse section through the nucleus of cochlear nerve.

  1. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  2. Reticular formation
  3. Dorsal cochlear nucleus and fibers of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
  4. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
  5. Nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  6. Nucleus ambiguous (X,XI)
  7. Top of olivary nucleus
  8. Pyramidal tract
  9. Interolivary lemniscus
  10. Thalamoolivary tract
  11. Rubrospinal and tectospinal tracts
  12. Vestibular part of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
  13. Stria medullaris
  14. Ventral cochlear nucleus
  15. Fourth ventricle
  16. Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle.

Slide 51
Transverse section through lower pons.

  1. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  2. Nucleus of abducent nerve
  3. Facial nerve
  4. Nucleus of vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
  5. Nucleus and tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  6. Middle cerebellar peduncle
  7. Reticular formation
  8. Medial lemniscus
  9. Pyramidal tract
  10. Lateral lemniscus
  11. Nucleus of facial nerve (VII)
  12. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
  13. Fourth ventricle

Slide 52
Transverse section through anterior medullary velum.

  1. Fourth ventricle
  2. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  3. Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve (V)
  4. Reticular formation
  5. Central tegmental tract
  6. Ventral trigeminal tract
  7. Superior cerebellar peduncle (or Brachium conjunctivum)
  8. Lateral lemniscus
  9. Nucleus of lateral lemniscus
  10. Pyramidal tract and corticopontine fibers
  11. Pontine nuclei
  12. Trapezoid body
  13. Cerebellum

Slide 53
Transverse section through anterior medullary velum.

  1. Superior medullary velum
  2. Superior cerebellar peduncle (or Brachium conjunctivum)
  3. Lateral lemniscus
  4. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  5. Lateral spinothalamic tract
  6. Medial lemniscus
  7. Ascending gustatory tract
  8. Ventral trigeminal tract
  9. Reticular formation
  10. Central tegmental tract
  11. Middle cerebellar peduncle
  12. Pyramidal tract and corticopontine fibers
  13. Pontine nuclei
  14. Cerebellum
  15. Fourth ventricle

Slide 54
Transverse section through the inferior colliculi.

  1. Inferior colliculus
  2. Cerebral aqueduct
  3. Central gray substance
  4. Lateral lemniscus
  5. Reticular formation
  6. Trochlear nucleus
  7. Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
  8. Frontopontine tract
  9. Corticobulbar fibers to speech musculature (S)
  10. Corticobulbar fibers to upper limb (U)
  11. Corticospinal fibers to trunk (T)
  12. Corticospinal fibers to lower limb (L)

Slide 55
Transverse section through inferior coliculi.

  1. Inferior colliculus
  2. Tectospinal tract
  3. Aqueduct cerebri
  4. Trigeminal nerve (V)
  5. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  6. Superior cerebellar peduncle (or Brachium conjunctivum)
  7. Thalamoolivary tract
  8. Medial lemniscus
  9. Rubrospinal tract
  10. Inferior collicular commissure
  11. Pontine nuclei

Slide 56
Transverse section through inferior colliculi

  1. Inferior colliculus
  2. Tectospinal tract
  3. Aqueduct cerebri
  4. Nucleus of trochlear nerve (IV)
  5. Medial longitudinal fascuculus
  6. Superior cerebellar peduncle (or Brachium conjunctivum)
  7. Rubrospinal tract
  8. Lateral lemniscus
  9. Medial lemniscus
  10. Pontine nuclei

Slide 57
Transverse section through superior colliculi.

  1. Superior colliculi
  2. Aqueduct cerebri
  3. Nucleus of oculomotor nerve (III)
  4. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
  5. Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles
  6. Medial lemniscus
  7. Thalamoolivary tract
  8. Crus cerebri

Slide 58
Transverse section through red nucleus-substantia nigra.

  1. Aqueduct cerebri
  2. Central gray substance
  3. Superior colliculus
  4. Nucleus of oculomotor nerve (III)
  5. Medial geniculate body
  6. Red nucleus
  7. Fibers of oculomotor nerve (III)
  8. Substantia nigra
  9. Crus cerebri
  10. Frontopontine tract
  11. Corticospinal fibers of pyramidal tract to face, head, and neck
  12. Corticospinal fibers to upper limb
  13. Corticospinal fibers of pyramidal tract to trunk and lower limb
  14. Temporoparietooccipitopontine tract

Slide 59
Microphotograph of cerebellar cortex

  1. Nuclear layer
  2. Purkinje layer
  3. Molecular layer

Slide 60
Details of cerebellar cortex.

  1. Nuclear layer
  2. Granule cell
  3. Purkinje cell
  4. Molecular layer

Slide 61
Lateral view of left hemisphere of a 4-month fetal brain.

Note the insular lobe, which has not been covered by the growing frontal and temporal lobes.

Note also, the beginnings of convolutions in the frontal lobe.