W. R. Zemlin Memorial Web Page

Anatomy of the Skull

Slide1

Skull, top view demonstrating sagittal (1) and coronal (2) sutures.

Slide 2

Infant skull, back view demonstrating paired lambdoid sutures.

Slide 3

Infant skull, demonstrating bregmatic fontanelle.

Note arrow shape — thus sagittal, after Sagittarius the Archer.

Slide 4

Title: Bones of the skull identified by color

Slide 5

Frontal view.

Blue — maxillae
Yellow — zygomatic bone
Copper — nasal bones, nasal septum
Pink

— sphenoid bone, note greater wings of sphenoid near antrum.
Green — frontal bone
Red — temporal bone
Gold — parietal
White — mandible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 6

Lateral view.

Blue — maxillae
Yellow — zygomatic bone
Copper — nasal bones
Pink — sphenoid
Green — frontal, occipital bones
Red — temporal bone
Gold — parietal
White — mandible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 7

Inferior View.

Blue — maxillae
Yellow — zygomatic bone
Copper — palatine bone
Pink — sphenoid bone
Green — occipital bone
Red — temporal bone
Gold — parietal bone

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 8

Cranial fossae

Anterior:

Copper — ethmoid bone
Green — frontal bone

 

 

 

Middle:

Pink — sphenoid bone
Red — temporal bone

 

 

 

Posterior:

Green — occipital bone
Gold — parietal bone

 

 

 

Slide 9

Title: Various views of the articulated skull

Slide 10

Adult skull as seen from the front.

1.
 Frontal bone
13.
 Zygomatic bone
2.
 Glabella
14.
 Infraorbital foramen
3.
 Superciliary arch
15.
 Nasal septum
4.
 Supraorbital notch
16.
 Nasal cavity
5.
 Supraorbital margin
17.
 Canine fossa of maxilla
6.
 Zygomatic process of frontal bone
18.
 Inferior nasal concha
7.
 Orbital plate of frontal bone
19.
 Anterior nasal spine
8.
 Orbital surface of sphenoid bone

20.

 Bodies of maxillae
9.
 Nasal bone
21.
 Oblique line of mandible
10.
 Frontal process of maxilla
22.
 Mental foramen
11.
 Superior orbital fissure
23.
 Body of mandible
12.
 Optic canal
24.
 Mental protuberance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 11

Adult skull as seen from the side.

1.
 Frontal bone
16.
 Mental protuberance
2.
 Superciliary arch
17.
 Body of mandible
3.
 Greater wing of sphenoid bone
18.
 Angle of mandible
4.
 Nasal bone
19.
 Coronal suture
5.
 Lacrimal bone
20.
 Superior temporal line
6.
 Lacrimal groove
21.
 Parietal bone
7.
 Zygomatic bone
22.
 Squamosal suture
8.
 Nasal notch
23.
 Temporal bone
9.
 Anterior nasal spine (ANS)
24.
 Zygomatic arch
10.
 Mandibular notch
25.
 External auditory meatus
11.
 Body of maxilla
26.
 Condylar process
12.
 Coronoid process
27.
 Occipital bone
13.
 Alveolar part of mandible
28.
 Mastoid process of temporal bone
14.
 Oblique line of mandible
29.
 Styloid process of temporal bone
15.
 Mental foramen
30.
 Ramus of mandible

Slide 12

Adult skull as seen from beneath.

1.
 Incisive foramen
15.
 External auditory meatus
2.
 Median palatine suture
16.
 Styloid process of temporal bone
3.
 Palatine process of maxilla
17.
 Stylomastoid foramen
4.
 Zygomatic process of maxilla
18.
 Jugular fossa
5.
 Lesser palatine foramen
19.
 Foramen lacerum
6.
 Greater palatine foramen
20.
 Basilar part of sphenoid bone
7.
 Zygomatic arch
21.
 Condylar fossa
8.
 Greater wing of sphenoid
22.
 Occipital condyle
9.
 Horizontal part of palatine bone
23.
 Foramen magnum
10.
 Posterior nasal spine (PNS)
24.
 Inferior nuchal line
11.
 Lateral pterygoid plate
25.
 Carotid canal
12.
 Vomer bone
26.
 Spine of sphenoid
13.
 Foramen ovale
27.
 Foramen spinosum
14.
 Mandibular fossa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 13

Adult skull, demonstrating cranial fossae — anterior (A), middle (M), posterior (P).

1.
 Crista galli (Ethmoid bone)
8.
 Hypophyseal fossa
2.
 Frontal crest
9.
 Foramen oval
3.
 Optic canal (foramen)
10.
 Foramen spinosum
4.
 Lesser wing of sphenoid
11.
 Carotid canal
5.
 Greater wing of sphenoid
12.
 Jugum of sphenoid
6.
 Chiasmatic sulcus
13.
 Posterior clinoid process
7.
 Anterior clinoid process

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 14

Title: The Mandible

Slide 15

Mandible, lateral view.

1.
 Body of mandible
6.
 Angle of mandible
2.
 Coronoid process
7.
 Oblique line
3.
 Mandibular notch
8.
 Mental foramen
4.
 Head of condylar process
9.
 Mental protuberance
5.
 Ramus of mandible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 16

Mandible, top view.

1. Condylar process 8. 1st molar
2. Mandibular notch 9. 2nd premolar
3. Pterygoid fovea 10. 1st premolar
4. Mandibular foramen 11. Canine
5. Coronoid process 12. Lateral incisor
6. Interosseous eruption of the 3rd molar 13. Central incisor
7. 2nd molar

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 17

Mandible, frontal view.

1. Coronoid process 6. Mental protuberance
2. Condylar process 7. Mental tubercle
3. Ramus of mandible 8. Mental foramen
4. Body of mandible 9. Oblique line
5. Alveolar part

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 18

Mandible, posterior view.

1. Condylar process 7. Mylohyoid line
2. Coronoid process 8. Sublingual fovea
3. Ramus of mandible 9. Mental spine
4. Mandibular lingula 10. Digastric fovea
5. Mandibular foramen 11. Alveolar part
6. Mylohyoid groove 12. Angle of mandible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide19

Title: The Maxillae and Zygomatic Bones

Slide 20

The maxillae (blue) and zygomatic bones (yellow) as seen from the front.

Slide 21

The maxillae (blue) and zygomatic bones (yellow) as seen from the side.

Slide 22

The maxillae (blue) and zygomatic bones (yellow) as seen from beneath.

Slide 23

Juxtaposed maxillae and zygomatic bones as seen from the front.

1. Nasal margin 9. Alveolar process of body
2. Frontal margin 10. Anterior (facial) surface
3. Frontal process 11. Canine fossa
4. Orbital process 12. Canine eminence
5. Infraorbital sulcus 13. Median palatine suture
6. Zygomatic bone 14. Nasal crest
7. Infraorbital foramen 15. Nasal notch
8. Body of maxilla

 

Slide 24

Juxtaposed maxillae and zygomatic (Z) and palatine (P) bones, as seen from above.

1. Frontal process 6. Nasal crest and intermaxillary suture
2. Anterior nasal spine 7. Palatine process
3. Orbital process 8. Posterior nasal spine
4. Zygomaticomaxillary suture 9. Horizontal part of palatine bone
5. Zygomatic bone

Slide 25

Juxtaposed maxillae, with zygomatic and palatine bones, as seen from behind.

1. Frontal process 4. Horizontal part of palatine bone
2. Nasal crest and intermaxillary suture 5. Maxillary tuberosity
3. Palatine process of maxilla

 

 

 

Slide 26

Juxtaposed maxillae, with zygomatic and palatine bones, as seen from beneath.

1. Central incisor 9. Intermaxillary suture
2. Lateral incisor 10. Palatine process of maxilla
3. Canine 11. Horizontal part of palatine bone
4. 1st premolar 12. Greater palatine foramen
5. 2nd premolar 13. Lesser palatine foramen
6. 1st molar 14. Posterior nasal spine
7. 2nd molar 15. Transverse maxillo-palatine suture
8. Incisive foramen

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 27

Maxilla, lateral view.


1. Frontal process 6. Zygomatic process
2. Lacrimal margin 7. Canine eminence
3. Infraorbital margin 8. Alveolar process
4. Nasal notch 9. Infraorbital sulcus
5. Anterior nasal spine (ANS) 10. Orbital surface

 

Slide 28

Maxilla, medial view demonstrating antrum (A).

1. Frontal process 4. Incisive canal
2. Nasal notch 5. Alveolar process
3. Anterior nasal spine 6. Palatine process

 

Slide 29

Title: Buttresses of the facial skeleton

Slides 30

Buttresses shown by arrows.

Slides 31

Title: Nasal cavity as seen in frontal section through head.

Slides 32

Nasal cavity — section is dorsal to orbit.

1. Anterior cranial cavity 5. Middle meatus
2. Nasal cavity 6. Middle concha
3. Inferior concha 7. Nasal septum
4. Inferior meatus

Slides 33

Nasal bones.

Slides 34

Juxtaposed nasal bones.

1. Frontal margin 3. Internasal suture
2. Nasal foramen 4. Maxillary margin

 

Slides 35

Title: Palatine bone

Slides 36

Palatine bone — lateral view.

Slides 37

Palatine bone as seen from behind.

Slides 38

Palatine bone as seen from the front.

Slides 39

Title: Vomer Bone

Slides 40

Lateral view of vomer bone.

Slides 41

Title: Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Slides 42

Lateral wall of nasal cavity, showing relationship of inferior nasal concha to adjuacent structures.
 Also shown are the perpendicular part of the palatine (palat) bone, and the hard palate (shaded).

* From Eileen and W. Zemlin, Study Guide/Workbook to Accompany Speech and Hearing Science, 4th ed., 1997, Stipes Publishing Co..

Slides 43

Title: Ethmoid bone

Slide 44

Cranial fossae

Green — frontal and occipital bones
Copper — cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

 

 

 

Slide 45

Ethmoid bone as seen from the front.

1. Crista galli 3. Perpendicular plate
2. Orbital surface 4. Middle concha

Slide 46

Ethmoid bone as seen from above.

1. Ethmoid sinuses
2. Cribriform plate
3. Crista galli

Slide 47

Ethmoid bone as seen from the side.

1. Crista galli
2. Orbital surface
3. Perpendicular plate
4. Middle concha

Slide 48

Title: Frontal bone

Slide 49

Green — frontal bone.

Slide 50

Frontal bone as seen from the front.

1. Sqamous portion 6. Supraorbital notch
2. Frontal eminence 7. Superciliary arch
3. Temporal fossa 8. Glabella
4. Temporal line 9. Frontal spine
5. Zygomatic process

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 51

Frontal bone as seen from beneath.

1. Glabella 5. Lacrimal gland fossa
2. Supraorbital margin 6. Zygomatic process
3. Orbital portion 7. Supraorbital notch (or foramen)
4. Ethmoidal notch

 

 

 

 

Slide 52

Articulated frontal zygomatic, parietal, maxillary, and palatine bones.

Parietal landmarks:

1. Occipital margin 5. Frontal, margin
2. Mastoid margin 6. Frontal, angle
3. Squamosal margin 7. Parietal eminence
4. Temporal lines

 

 

 

 

Slide 53

Title: Occipital bone

Slide 54

Green — occipital bone

Slide 55

Occipital bone from beneath.

1. Nuchal lines 5. Foramen magnum
2. Condylar canal 6. Basilar portion
3. Condylar hypoglossal canal
(under occipital condyle)		 7. Occipital condyle
4. Jugular process of lateral portion

 

 

 

 

Slide 56

Occipital bone — inner surface

1. Parietal margin 4. Internal occipital protuberance
2. Cerebellar fossa 5. Foramen magnum
3. Internal occipital crest 6. Hypoglossal canal

 

 

 

 

Slide 57

Title: Temporal bone

Slide 58

Red — temporal bone

Slide 59

Red — temporal bone

Slide 60

Red — temporal bone

Slide 61

Temporal bone — lateral aspect

1. Squamous portion 7. Tubercle of zygoma
2. Parietal margin 8. Mandibular fossa
3. Occipital margin 9. Postglenoid tubercle
4. Mastoid process 10. Tympanic part
5. Sphenoid margin 11. External auditory meatus
6. Zygomatic process 12. Zygomatic bone

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 62

Temporal bone — inner aspect

1. Cerebral surface 6. Arcuate eminence
2. Arterial sulcus 7. Mastoid foramen
3. Squamous portion 8. Internal auditory meatus
4. Parietal margin 9. Apex of petrous portion
5. Parietal incisure (notch) 10. Sphenoid margin

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 63

Section through mastoid process of temporal bone, demonstrating pneumatization (development of air cells.)

1. Middle ear cavity 4. Cochleariform (trochleariform) process
2. Oval window 5. Auditory (Eustachian) tube
3. Promontory

 

 

 

 

Slide 64

Detail, middle ear cavity.

1. Oval window 6. Carotid canal
2. Cochleariform process 7. Promontory
3. Canal for tensor tympanic muscle 8. Epitympanic recess
4. Septum canalis musculotubarius 9. Mastoid air cells
5. Auditory (Eustachian) tube 10. Round window

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 65

Title: Sphenoid bone

Slide 66

Pink — sphenoid bone

Slide 67

Pink — sphenoid bone

Slide 68

Pink — sphenoid bone

Slide 69

Sphenoid bone from above.

1. Ethmoidal spine 11. Sphenoidal spine
2. Chiasmatic sulcus

12.

 Petrous (temporal) margin
3. Optic canal 13. Hypophyseal fossa
4. Frontal margin (greater wing) 14. Clivus (of corpus)
5. Cerebral surface 15. Hamulus (medial pterygoid plate)
6. Superior orbital fissure 16. Carotid sulcus
7. Posterior clinoid process 17. Anterior clinoid process
8. Foramen rotundum 18. Lesser wing
9. Squamous (temporal) margin 19. Jugum of sphenoid
10. Foramen ovale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 70

Sphenoid bone from beneath.

1. Crest 9. Rostrum
2. Optic canal 10. Vomerovaginal sulcus
3. Superior orbital fissure 11. Hamulus
4. Parietal margin 12. Spine of sphenoid
5. Squamous margin 13. Infratemporal fossa
6. Foramen ovale 14. Zygomatic margin
7. Lateral pterygoid plate 15. Frontal margin
8. Medial pterygoid plate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 71

Sphenoid bone from the front.

1. Dorsum sellae 8. Medial pterygoid lamina
2. Sphenoid sinus 9. Hamulus
3. Orbital surface 10. Rostrum and crest
4. Temporal surface (greater wing) 11. Pterygoid notch
5. Foramen rotundum 12. Spine of sphenoid
6. Pterygoid canal 13. Zygomatic margin
7. Lateral pterygoid lamina

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 72

Sphenoid from behind.

1. Dorsum sellae 6. Carotid sulcus
2. Posterior clinoid process 7. Spine
3. Superior orbital fissure 8. Pterygoid notch
4. Lesser wing 9. Hamulus
5. Parietal margin 10. Basilar surface

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 73

Title: Self Quiz

Slide 74

Skull, frontal view (same landmarks to be identified as in slide number 10.)

Frontal bone Zygomatic bone
Glabella Infraorbital foramen
Superciliary arch Nasal septum
Supraorbital notch Nasal cavity
Supraorbital margin Canine fossa of maxilla
Zygomatic process of frontal bone Inferior nasal concha
Orbital plate of frontal bone Anterior nasal spine
Orbital surface of sphenoid bone Bodies of maxillae
Nasal bone Oblique line of mandible
Frontal process of maxilla Mental foramen
Superior orbital fissure Body of mandible
Optic canal Mental protuberance

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 75

Skull, side view (same landmarks to be identified as in slide number 11.)

Frontal bone Mental protuberance
Superciliary arch Body of mandible
Greater wing of sphenoid bone Angle of mandible
Nasal bone Coronal suture
Lacrimal bone Superior temporal line
Lacrimal groove Parietal bone
Zygomatic bone Squamosal suture
Nasal notch Temporal bone
Anterior nasal spine (ANS) Zygomatic arch
Mandibular notch External auditory meatus
Body of maxilla Condylar process
Coronoid process Occipital bone
Alveolar part of mandible Mastoid process of temporal bone
Oblique line of mandible Styloid process of temporal bone
Mental foramen Ramus of mandible

 

Slide 76

Skull from beneath (same landmarks to be identified as in slide number 12.)

 

Incisive foramen External auditory meatus
Median palatine suture Styloid process of temporal bone
Palatine process of maxilla Stylomastoid foramen
Zygomatic process of maxilla Jugular fossa
Lesser palatine foramen Foramen lacerum
Greater palatine foramen Basilar part of sphenoid bone
Zygomatic arch Condylar fossa
Greater wing of sphenoid Occipital condyle
Horizontal part of palatine bone Foramen magnum
Posterior nasal spine (PNS) Inferior nuchal line
Lateral pterygoid plate Carotid canal
Vomer bone Spine of sphenoid
Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
Mandibular fossa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Slide 77

Skull — crainial floor (same landmarks to be identified as in slide number 13.)

Crista galli (Ethmoid bone) Hypophyseal fossa
Frontal crest Foramen oval
Optic canal (foramen) Foramen spinosum
Lesser wing of sphenoid Carotid canal
Greater wing of sphenoid Jugum of sphenoid
Chiasmatic sulcus Posterior clinoid process
Anterior clinoid process

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pages supported by University of Illinois Foundation, College of Applied Life Sciences – University of Illinois and by the Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Memphis, Tennessee.

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