W. R. Zemlin Memorial Web Page

Larynx Part One

Slide1:

Location of the larynx and associated structures as seen in a sagittal section of the head.

* Illustration from The Study Guide/Workbook to accompany Speech and Hearing Science; Anatomy and Physiology 4th edition, Eileen Zemlin and W.R. Zemlin

Slide 2:

Male neck, showing location of thyroid protuberance.

Slide 3:

Female neck, thyroid protuberance usually not a prominent landmark.

Slide 4:

Removal of Larynx from Cadaver

Slide 5:

Beginning of removal sequence.

Note supraclavicular nerves (white), superficial veins of neck (blue), submandibular salivary gland (green), thyroid notch, and sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Slide 6:

Lateral view of the same stage of dissection as in previous slide no. 5 demonstrating the same landmarks. Nerves are white, veins blue,
and arteries red.

Slide 7:

Ventral view with superficial veins and nerves removed, demonstrating sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. Also shown are parts of the sternal and clavicular portions of the pectoralis major muscle.

Slide 8:

Lateral view of the same stage of dissection as in previous slide no.5 demonstrating the same landmarks. Shows carotoid sheath.

Slide 9:

Lateral view with carotid sheath removed demonstrating carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, superior thyroid artery and submandibular salivary gland. Arteries are red, veins are blue, nerves are white, and glandular tissue is green.

Slide 10:

Ansa hypoglossi (white) or ansa cervicalis supplying strap muscles of the neck.

Slide 11:

Blood supply to larynx. Note internal juglar vein, common carotid artery, superior thyroid artery, superior larygeal artery and nerve, vagus nerve, lymph gland, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and digastric muscle (anterior belly).

Slide 12:

Stylohyoid ligament (hooked) and thyrohyoid muscle. The stylohyoid ligament appears much like a piece of half-cooked spaghetti.Here it courses in company of the stylohyoid muscle. The anterior belly of the digastric is shown on the left.

Slide 13:

Thyroid gland (green), sternothyroid sectioned and reflected, vagus nerve (white), and carotid artery (red). Note loop in superior laryngeal artery.

Slide 14:

Ventral view, everything removed revealing cricothyroid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles.

Slide 15:

Lateral view. Same stage of dissection as in previous slide no. 14.

Slide 16:

Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors – dorsal view.

Slide 17:

Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors – lateral view. Also shown, omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles.

Slide 18:

Dorsal view of pharynx opened by longitudinal incision demonstrating connective tissue lining.

Slide 19:

Connective tissue lining pharynx shown in previous slide was removed — showing dorsal view of larynx including posterior cricoarytenoid, arytenoideus, corinculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage, posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage including superior and inferior horns.

Slide 20:

Tracheal ring, view from above.

Slide 21:

Cross-sectional macrograph of neck showing trachea, esophagus and
thyroid gland.

Slide 22:

Trichrome micrograph of ciliated columnar epithelium.

Slide 23:

Tracheal specimen mounted on spindle. The next cartilage to be examined is the cricoid, so-named because of its resemblance to a signet ring. A cricoid cartilage on your finger doesn’t look like a signat ring at all — it looks like a cricoid cartilage on your finger.

Slide 24:

Cricoid cartilage on finger.

Slide 25:

Cricoid cartilage, lateral view. Landmarks include the arch, posterior quadrate lamina, cricoarytenoid articular facet, and cricothyroid articular facet.

Slide 26:

Cricoid cartilage — as seen in perspective from above. Note the arch, posterior quadrate lamina, cricoarytenoid articular facet, and cricothyroid articular facet.

Slide 27:

Cricoid from behind. Note slope angle and shape of cricoarytenoid
articular facet.

Slide 28:

Arytenoid cartilage, anterolateral view. Note remnants of vocal ligament, the vocal process, muscular process, corniculate cartilage, arcuate crest, and triangular fovea.

Slide 29:

Arytenoid cartilage from beneath. Note muscular process and corniculate cartilage. Note also the concave nature of the articular facet on the muscular process. The vocal process can be seen as well.

Slide 30:

Articulated arytenoid and cricoid cartilages as seen from behind. Note the well developed posterior cricoarytenoid ligament.

Slide 31:

Cricoarytenoid ligament, medial edge, as seen from above.

Slide 32:

Thyroid cartilage, lateral view. Note superior and inferior tubercles on
lamina, oblique line, superior and inferior horns. This might be called a classical specimen.

Slide 33:

Thyroid cartilage, frontal view. Note foramen thyroideum.

Slide 34:

Thyroid cartilage in perspective from behind. Note foramen thyroideum. This raises the question — Is the thyroid cartilage exclusively an embryonic derivative of the 4th branchial arch, or is it a derivative of the 4th and 5th arches? Is forman evidence of incomplete union of the two arches, or can the foramen be explained by the presence of the blood vessels?

Slide 35:

Double foramina.

Slide 36:

Thyroid cartilage, lateral view, demonstrating oblique tendon.

Slide 37:

Thyroid cartilage, lateral view, demonstrating oblique tendon.

Slide 38:

Trichrome micrograph of oblique tendon. Blue is tendon, red is muscle. This is strong supportive evidence that what is often erroneously called the oblique line on the thyroid lamina is actually a tendon that bridges the superior and inferior tubercles.

Slide 39:

Thyroid cartilage demonstrating agenesis of superior and inferior
horns unilaterally.

Slide 40:

Thyroid cartilage demonstrating agenesis of superior horn.

Slide 41:

Thyroid cartilage oddity.

Slide 42:

Articulated laryngeal skeleton.

Slide 43:

Posterior ceratocricoid ligament.

Slide 44:

Probe points to another example of the ceratocricoid ligament.

Slide 45:

Laryngeal skeleton, posterior view.

Slide 46:

Another example of a laryngeal skeleton, posterior view.

Slide 47:

Ventral view of laryngeal skeleton, 68 year old female. Note asymetry.

Slide 48:

Laryngeal skeleton, left side. Note cricotracheal fusion.

Slide 49:

Middle cricothyroid ligament, note fused tracheal rings.

Slide 50:

Hyoid bone. Note body, major and minor horns.

Slide 51:

Hyoid bone. Note body, major and minor horns.

Slide 52:

Laryngeal skeleton complete, frontal view. Note hyoid bone and
thyrohyoid ligament.

Slide 53:

Laryngeal skeleton, lateral view. Note foramen in thyrohyoid membrane. Usually the superior laryngeal artery, vein, and nerve gain access to the internal larynx through this foramen. There are exceptions, however.

Slide 54:

Superior view of larynx, without epiglottis. Note arytenoid cartilages and vocal ligaments.

Slide 55:

Superior view of larynx, with epiglottis. Medial boundary of vocal fold is covered by conus elasticus.

Slide 56:

Sagittal section. Conus elasticus removed on the left half. Part of thyroarytenoid muscle and most of vocal ligament can be seen in relation to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage.

Slide 57:

Sagittal section. Conus elasticus, quadrangular membrane removed exposing the thyroarytenoid muscle and vocal ligament.

Slide 58:

Sagittal section with conus elasticus removed, demonstrating the
laryngeal ventricle.

Slide 59:

Vocal fold, lateral cricoarytenoid as seen in medial view.

Slide 60:

Sagittal section demonstrating thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoideus muscles.

Slide 61:

Sagittal section. Thyroarytenoid muscle removed to demonstrate the
vocal ligament.

Slide 62:

Larynx, posterior view. Right posterior cricoarytenoid muscle removed demonstrating arytenoid and corniculate cartilages in situ.

Slide 63:

Larynx, posterior view, demonstrating posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.

Slide 64:

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle iwth well-defined vertical bundle.

Slide 65:

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle iwth well-defined bipennate lateral bundle.

Slide 66:

Undissected larynx, posterior view, demonstrating posterior cricoarytenoid
and arytenoideus muscles. Note vertical bundle on the posterior
cricoarytenoid muscle.

Slide 67:

Posterior view demonstrating arytenoideus and posterior
cricarytenoid muscles.

Slide 68:

Oblique arytenoideus (unstained).

Slide 69:

Transverse arytenoideus muscle (unstained).

Slide 70:

Cricothyroid muscle, showing pars recta and pars oblique.

Slide 71:

Posterior portion of thyroid cartilage has been reemoved revealing cricothyroid muscle.

Slide 72:

Larynx, ventral view, demonstrating cricothyroid muscle and middle cricothyroid ligament.

Pages supported by University of Illinois Foundation, College of Applied Life Sciences – University of Illinois and by the Department of Audiology and Speach Pathology, University of Memphis, Tennessee.

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